Adjectives and Their Nouns
The usual way to change a noun into an adjective is to add -y to the end of the word.
For example:
Powder > Powdery
Milk > Milky
Water > Watery
By contrast, the usual way to change an adjective into a noun is to add -ness or -iness at the end of the word.
For example:
Happy > Happiness
Sad > Sadness
Late > Lateness
But English doesn't like to be easy. Let's look at some other examples.
For example:
Powder > Powdery
Milk > Milky
Water > Watery
By contrast, the usual way to change an adjective into a noun is to add -ness or -iness at the end of the word.
For example:
Happy > Happiness
Sad > Sadness
Late > Lateness
But English doesn't like to be easy. Let's look at some other examples.
Able
Afraid Agile Angry Beautiful Bountiful Catastrophic Clever Cold Comfortable Dextrous Difficult Elastic Erratic False Frigid Fun Happy High Hot Intelligent Interesting Just Lucid National Normal Opulent Portable Possible Rigid Sad Silly Strong Stupid Tall Tardy True Valid Warm |
有能
びくびくしている 手早い、身軽 怒っている 美しい 豊富 壊滅的 軽妙、巧妙 寒い 居心地のいい、快適 手まめ 難しい 弾力的 突飛 疑似 凛(りん) 楽しい 嬉しい 高い 熱い 頭がいい 面白い 正しい、正当 透徹した、明亮 国立、全国 普通 金持ち、富裕的 携帯可能、可搬式 可能性がある 窮屈、厳しい 悲しい たわいない 強い 馬鹿な 高い 遅い 本当、実勢 妥当、合式 暖かい |
Ability
Fright Agility Anger Beauty Bounty Catastrophe Cleverness Cold Comfort Dexterity Difficulty Elasticity Erraticness Fallacy Frigidity Fun Happiness Height Heat Intelligence Interest Justice Lucidity Nationality Normality, normalcy Opulence Portability Possibility Rigidity Sadness Silliness Strength Stupidity Height Tardiness Truth Validity Warmth |
能力
畏怖、驚愕、怖じ気 敏速、手早さ 怒り、怒気 美しさ、美貌、佳麗 溢れんばかり、実りある 壊滅、破局 利発 寒さ 寛ぎ、安楽 熟練、腕の冴え 難しさ、困難、支障 弾力、屈伸 斑 護身、謬見 冷ややかさ 楽しみ 幸せ 高さ、高度 熱さ 賢明、知性 関心、乗り気 公正、正義 明澄、達意 国政、国民性 正常 富裕 移植性、可搬性 可能性 硬直、剛性 悲しみ、悲しさ、悲哀、哀情 愚鈍、愚劣、ばかばかし 強さ、勢力、強度 間抜け、おこの沙汰 高さ、丈 遅参 事実、真実 合法性、有効性 暖かさ、温もり、温暖 |
Examples:
1) Aoi is an agile gymnast. Her agility is very high.
2) It is warm under a kotatsu. I enjoy its warmth.
3) It is possible to get into Tokyo University, but the possibility is very small.
4) Ninja Gaiden is a very difficult video game. The difficulty is too high for me.
5) Is that true? Please, tell me the truth!
1) Aoi is an agile gymnast. Her agility is very high.
2) It is warm under a kotatsu. I enjoy its warmth.
3) It is possible to get into Tokyo University, but the possibility is very small.
4) Ninja Gaiden is a very difficult video game. The difficulty is too high for me.
5) Is that true? Please, tell me the truth!
Comparatives using ~er and ~est
N is ________
A is _______er than B
X is the _______est of them all
Bad
Big Clear Cold Cute Dark Fast Fat Funny Good Happy Heavy High Hot Light Long Low Rich Sad Scary Short Small Smart Strong Stupid Tall |
Worse
Bigger Clearer Colder Cuter Darker Faster Fatter Funnier Better Happier Heavier Higher Hotter Lighter Longer Lower Richer Sadder Scarier Shorter Smaller Smarter Stronger Stupider Taller |
Worst
Biggest Clearest Coldest Cutest Darkest Fastest Fattest Funniest Best Happiest Heaviest Highest Hottest Lightest Longest Lowest Richest Saddest Scariest Shortest Smallest Smartest Strongest Stupidest Tallest |
Examples:
1) Zombies are scarier than kappas.
2) Sukiyaki tastes better than umeboshi.
3) I am the happiest person in the world!
4) Mt. Fuji is the tallest mountain in Japan.
5) A Bugatti Veyron is faster than a Nissan GTR R-35.
1) Zombies are scarier than kappas.
2) Sukiyaki tastes better than umeboshi.
3) I am the happiest person in the world!
4) Mt. Fuji is the tallest mountain in Japan.
5) A Bugatti Veyron is faster than a Nissan GTR R-35.
Comparatives using more/most
N is _______
A is more _______ than B
X is the most _______ of all
Aboundant
Amazing Beautiful Beloved Composed Correct Delicious Dignified Driven Exciting Fun Important Interesting Intimidating Justified Natural Normal Obvious Placid Professional Powerful Terrible Unusual Useful |
More aboundant
More amazing More beautiful More beloved More composed More correct More delicious More dignified More driven More exciting More fun More important More interesting More intimidating More justified More natural More normal More obvious More placid More professional More powerful More terrible More unusual More useful |
Most aboundant
Most amazing Most beautiful Most beloved Most composed Most correct Most delicious Most dignified Most driven Most exciting Most fun Most important Most interesting Most intimidating Most justified Most natural Most normal Most obvious Most placid Most professional Most powerful Most terrible Most unusual Most useful |
Examples:
1) Goku is more powerful than Vegeta.
2) Playing video games is more fun than studying.
3) Mary is the most amazing woman I know.
4) Skiing is the most exciting thing to do in Akita.
5) Could you please try to be more professional?
1) Goku is more powerful than Vegeta.
2) Playing video games is more fun than studying.
3) Mary is the most amazing woman I know.
4) Skiing is the most exciting thing to do in Akita.
5) Could you please try to be more professional?
as ~ as, not as ~ as
Remember that as~as compares two things because they are similar or the same (同じ). It uses this formula:
A is/are as (形容詞) as B AはBと同じぐらい(けいようし)だ。
For example:
John is as tall as Robert.
Cats are as cute as dogs.
That camera is as expensive as my computer!
This form can be used to explain things, or it can be used to make a joke!
For example:
Tanaka: Wow, Ichiro is so cool! 一郎かっこいいなぁ
Nakamura: How cool is he? どれぐらいかっこいいかい?
Tanaka: He is as cool as the other side of the pillow. 枕の後ろのようにクール(かっこいい・涼しい)だよ
Remember that not as~as means that the two things being compared are NOT the same (同じじゃない). The formula is like this:
A is/are not as (形容詞) as B. AはBほど(形容詞)じゃない。
*Note* *お知らせ* This means the same thing as "B is ______er than A" 「BはAより(形容詞)だ」と同じ意味あるんだ。
For example:
Studying is not as fun as talking with girls.
Natto is not as delicious as sukiyaki.
K-ON! is not as interesting as Ookami to Koushinryou.
In conversation:
Nakamura: Is that izakaya as close as this one?
Kitamura: No, that izakaya is not as close as this one.
OR
Nakamura: Is that izakaya as close as this one?
Nishimura: No, that izakaya is farther than this one.
OR
Nakamura: Is that izakaya as close as this one?
Higashimura: No, this izakaya is closer than that one.
A is/are as (形容詞) as B AはBと同じぐらい(けいようし)だ。
For example:
John is as tall as Robert.
Cats are as cute as dogs.
That camera is as expensive as my computer!
This form can be used to explain things, or it can be used to make a joke!
For example:
Tanaka: Wow, Ichiro is so cool! 一郎かっこいいなぁ
Nakamura: How cool is he? どれぐらいかっこいいかい?
Tanaka: He is as cool as the other side of the pillow. 枕の後ろのようにクール(かっこいい・涼しい)だよ
Remember that not as~as means that the two things being compared are NOT the same (同じじゃない). The formula is like this:
A is/are not as (形容詞) as B. AはBほど(形容詞)じゃない。
*Note* *お知らせ* This means the same thing as "B is ______er than A" 「BはAより(形容詞)だ」と同じ意味あるんだ。
For example:
Studying is not as fun as talking with girls.
Natto is not as delicious as sukiyaki.
K-ON! is not as interesting as Ookami to Koushinryou.
In conversation:
Nakamura: Is that izakaya as close as this one?
Kitamura: No, that izakaya is not as close as this one.
OR
Nakamura: Is that izakaya as close as this one?
Nishimura: No, that izakaya is farther than this one.
OR
Nakamura: Is that izakaya as close as this one?
Higashimura: No, this izakaya is closer than that one.
Different Titles
七人の侍
バイオハザード 悪魔城ドラキュラ 竹取物語 ファミコン スパーファミコン モンスターボール(ポケモン) ひぐらしの泣く頃に 北斗の拳 涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱 夕品のガンマン 続夕品のガンマン |
The Seven Samurai
Resident Evil Castlevania The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter NES (Nintendo Entertainment System) SNES Pokeball When They Cry Fist of the North Star The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya Fistful of Dollars The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly |
More Silly Faces
Unusual Plurals 大変な複数形ことば
Verbs & Verbal Nouns
Absorb
Adapt Assess Believe Clarify Create Dance Decorate Embarass Enjoy Entertain Feel Fly Fortify Gyrate Harass Imitate Initiate Intimidate Justify Know Masticate Mortify Move Nullify Object Please Precipitate Qualify Ratify Realize Rebel Secede Succeed Succeed Teleport Think Transform Transport Vacate Write |
吸い込む、吸収する
馴染む 評価する 信じる 明らかにする 生み出す、設ける 踊る 飾る 困らせる 楽しめる 取り持つ、持て成す 感じる 飛ぶ 固める 回す 苦しめる まねる 始める 威嚇する 言い開く 知る 噛む 脅しつける 動く 消す もの申す 機嫌を取る 降る 資格を有する 批准する 気がつく 反発する 退く やってのける 受け継ぐ テレポートする 考える 返信する 運ぶ 立ち退く、引き払う 書く |
Absorption
Adaptation Assessment Belief Clarification Creation Dance Decoration Embarassment Enjoyment Entertainment Feeling Flight Fortification Gyration Harrassment Imitation Initiation Intimidation Justification Knowledge Mastication Mortification Movement Nullification Objection Pleasure Precipitation Qualification Ratification Realization Rebel ・ Rebellion Secession Success Succession Teleportation Thought Transformation Transportation Vacation Writing |
併合、吸収
適応 評価 信条、確信、信心、信用、など 明確化、解明 生成、制定、創始 踊り 飾り 恥 楽しみ 持て成し、演芸 感じ、思い、感情、感触 飛翔、逃避 築城、要塞 回転運動、旋転 嫌がらせ 真似、偽物 開始、手解き 恫喝、威嚇 弁解、名分 知識 咀嚼運動 苦渋、憂悶 進退、移動 削除、抹殺 異議 快楽 降水量 具備、資格 批准、追認 成就、自我実現 反乱者 ・ 内乱、反乱、暴動 分離主義 勝利、サクセス 継承 瞬間移動 案、考え 返信 交通、運輸 休み、旅行 作品 |
Examples:
1) "Well that's my offer; give it some thought."
"I'll think about it."
2) I feel so nervous when I'm around him. Why doesn't he understand my feelings?
3) Dancers move very gracefully. Their movements are beautiful.
4) Richard Little imitates people very well. His imitations are top quality.
5) The plane flew very high in the sky. The flight from Tokyo to Houston takes 14 hours!
1) "Well that's my offer; give it some thought."
"I'll think about it."
2) I feel so nervous when I'm around him. Why doesn't he understand my feelings?
3) Dancers move very gracefully. Their movements are beautiful.
4) Richard Little imitates people very well. His imitations are top quality.
5) The plane flew very high in the sky. The flight from Tokyo to Houston takes 14 hours!
Sample Conversations
Example 1. Greeting an old friend
A: B! It's been such a long time! How've you been?
B: You're not kidding! It's been, what, 3 months? I've been doing alright. How're you and the family?
A: Everyone's doing alright. My son is having a little bit of trouble in school, but everything will be okay.
B: That's good to hear.
A: What have you been up to lately? Is your work treating you alright?
B: Work? Oh yeah, that's alright, I guess. It's been keeping me busy, so I really want to spend more time with my family, y'know.
A: Yeah, I know how you feel.
B: Well how about you? I heard you bought a new car...!
A: Oh yeah--the Nissan GTR. I love that thing.
B: That must be awesome!
A: Want to come see it sometime?
B: Sure!
Example 2. Inviting a friend to the movies
X: Hey, Z, I'm bored. Wanna to see a movie?
Z: Eh, alright. What do ya feel like watching?
X: Hmm, I dunno. There's that Harry Potter movie...
Z: I don't think I want to see Harry Potter. How about the new Keanu Reeves movie?
X: I hate Keanu Reeves. He can't act. Let's see something different.
Z: Okay. Eeeh, nothing good is coming out in theaters. Want to just order pizza instead?
X: Alright. We can watch a DVD anyway. Pepperoni or mushroom pizza?
Z: Pepperoni.
Example 3. Inviting your friend over for dinner
*Phone rings*
K: Hello?
J: Hello, K? It's J. How are you?
K: Oh hey! I'm alright, and you?
J: We're just fine here. Actually, we're making okonomiyaki tonight. Would you care to join us?
K: Ooh that does sound good! I'll be over in an hour.
J: Great! See you then!
K: Alright! Bye.
J: Bye.
Example 4. Inviting your boss over for dinner
*Phone rings*
Boss: Hello? Boss speaking.
U: Hello, Boss. It's U. How are you?
Boss: I'm fine, U. What can I do for you?
U: Well, we're making okonomiyaki at our house tonight, and we were wondering if you would care to join us...
Boss: Oh I would love to, but I already have dinner plans.
U: Alright, maybe some other time.
Boss: Sure thing. Thanks for inviting me.
U: No problem. See you later.
Boss: See you later.
A: B! It's been such a long time! How've you been?
B: You're not kidding! It's been, what, 3 months? I've been doing alright. How're you and the family?
A: Everyone's doing alright. My son is having a little bit of trouble in school, but everything will be okay.
B: That's good to hear.
A: What have you been up to lately? Is your work treating you alright?
B: Work? Oh yeah, that's alright, I guess. It's been keeping me busy, so I really want to spend more time with my family, y'know.
A: Yeah, I know how you feel.
B: Well how about you? I heard you bought a new car...!
A: Oh yeah--the Nissan GTR. I love that thing.
B: That must be awesome!
A: Want to come see it sometime?
B: Sure!
Example 2. Inviting a friend to the movies
X: Hey, Z, I'm bored. Wanna to see a movie?
Z: Eh, alright. What do ya feel like watching?
X: Hmm, I dunno. There's that Harry Potter movie...
Z: I don't think I want to see Harry Potter. How about the new Keanu Reeves movie?
X: I hate Keanu Reeves. He can't act. Let's see something different.
Z: Okay. Eeeh, nothing good is coming out in theaters. Want to just order pizza instead?
X: Alright. We can watch a DVD anyway. Pepperoni or mushroom pizza?
Z: Pepperoni.
Example 3. Inviting your friend over for dinner
*Phone rings*
K: Hello?
J: Hello, K? It's J. How are you?
K: Oh hey! I'm alright, and you?
J: We're just fine here. Actually, we're making okonomiyaki tonight. Would you care to join us?
K: Ooh that does sound good! I'll be over in an hour.
J: Great! See you then!
K: Alright! Bye.
J: Bye.
Example 4. Inviting your boss over for dinner
*Phone rings*
Boss: Hello? Boss speaking.
U: Hello, Boss. It's U. How are you?
Boss: I'm fine, U. What can I do for you?
U: Well, we're making okonomiyaki at our house tonight, and we were wondering if you would care to join us...
Boss: Oh I would love to, but I already have dinner plans.
U: Alright, maybe some other time.
Boss: Sure thing. Thanks for inviting me.
U: No problem. See you later.
Boss: See you later.